What Is Sustainable Fashion? (An Easy Guide for Beginners in 2024)

What is Sustainable Fashion & Why Does it Matter?

Over the past decade, my blog, Sustainably Chic, has provided me with a platform to explore and share my evolving perspectives on sustainability and the fashion industry. The complexity of defining a 'sustainable' garment has become increasingly apparent as there are various interpretations, adding to the potential confusion and overwhelm surrounding this topic. While there are comprehensive books available on sustainable fashion, I recognize that many individuals lead busy lives and seek quick, accessible information. I've created this guide specifically tailored to those who are new to sustainable fashion, offering a concise yet comprehensive overview.

Furthermore, I enthusiastically encourage you to contribute to the discussion by sharing your personal sustainability journey in the comments section below!

Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliated, so we may earn a small commission if you click through and make a purchase. We only add brands & products we truly believe in

Natalie, the Creator of Sustainably Chic.

What is Sustainable Fashion?

The concept of "sustainability" is frequently used in social media and marketing, but it's important to use this term in the right context to avoid misconceptions. Sustainability encompasses a wide range of ideas and practices and is ultimately about maintaining a balance that allows us to preserve the world we live in for future generations to enjoy. This concept is made up of three equally important categories: the environment, society, and economics. It's crucial to recognize that sustainability is not a one-size-fits-all concept; it varies depending on location, audience, and the constantly changing environment. Additionally, individual values play a significant role in determining the sustainability of a product. Therefore, having an open mind and acknowledging the complexity of sustainability is essential.

Sustainable fashion integrates environmental, social, and economic considerations into the fashion industry. Simply using organic cotton for a t-shirt doesn't qualify it as sustainable fashion.

In the context of fashion, a sustainable garment should be not only eco-friendly and ethically produced but also durable and accessible. While there are other characteristics that could be added to this list, these are the fundamental attributes I look for when considering a purchase. Later on, I’ll create a simple checklist to summarize these points, so keep reading to find out more!

Why Should You Care About Sustainable Fashion?

Humans are now consuming 400% more clothing compared to 20 years ago, and on average, America generates 82 pounds of textile waste yearly. We buy more clothes than ever, but we wear them a lot less. We can mainly explain this by fast fashion's explosive growth in the past two decades. But this over-consumption of cheaply-made clothes is leading to the massive growth of textile waste, pollution, and the depletion of natural resources. In addition, it is raising social issues that we can no longer ignore, such as human rights violations. The best thing we can do as consumers is stop supporting this industry. We should avoid fast fashion brands and start supporting sustainable clothing brands instead (if you are purchasing ‘new’ items that is). Read more about this topic here.

Other Conscious Fashion Terms You May Find When Reading About Sustainable Fashion

Sustainable fashion is the umbrella term for all the others listed below. They all play a part in sustainable fashion, but they don’t carry as much weight on their own.

Slow Fashion

We used to have four seasons in the fashion industry; we now have 52 (even more with some of the more prominent fast fashion brands). Every week, sometimes in a matter of days, fast fashion brands can turn over a new collection - a BIG collection. It’s rather insane how quickly it can happen. Slow fashion can be seen a lot with capsule brands and other brands practicing sustainability. They focus more on quality over quantity and timeless pieces that will never go out of style.

Eco Fashion

This type of fashion is focused solely on the environment and aims to keep its carbon footprint as minimal as possible. Many brands - especially in Fast Fashion - will launch ‘sustainable collections,’ but they will only replace the fabrics with something more eco-friendly and not pay the worker a fair wage.

Circular Fashion

I love this concept because it goes full circle. From production to end life, these garments retain value for as long as possible before returning safely back to the planet. It involves a lot of upcycling, recycling, mending, and repairing to lessen our use of raw materials. Learn more about Circular Fashion in this post here.

Zero Waste Fashion

With the gross amount of waste created in the fashion industry, brands are becoming more aware of their leftovers and using existing fabrics. Zero-waste fashion can be practiced in a few different ways. 1. Your production can create minimal waste with pattern cutting and its scraps used for different projects. 2. Fabrics and notions are pulled from discarded materials and clothing. Some brands will ensure every part of their business is zero-waste, which is challenging yet amazing! Find a list of zero waste fashion brands here.

Ethical Fashion

This term is typically about the way workers are treated. Does the brand pay the manufacturer fairly? Is the farmer growing the cotton treated fairly, as well? Depending on your values, you will look for different things when shopping ethically. For example, if you are vegan, you would ensure the product did not contain any animal products (we have a great post on vegan leather alternatives here).

Regenerative Fashion

This is probably the most important term of all of these, given our current worldly state. We have about 60 years left of topsoil, which is vital in feeding this planet. If we do not transform farming into regenerative practices, we won’t be able to grow anything later on. A few brands are now working with regenerative farms to create fabric; hopefully, many more will follow suit. You can also find several Regenerative Fashion Brands in this post here.

Ways to Shop Sustainably & How to Build a Sustainable Wardrobe

There are so many different ways you can be involved with sustainable fashion. A lot of the time, you probably already are doing something fashion positive without even knowing it!

Sustainable Brands: You came to the right place to find all the sustainable brands to check out. While I don't want you to do any unnecessary spending, if you're going to add something new to your closet, these brands are a great way to support a better fashion industry. They aren't perfect, but they try their best to make the industry fairer while caring for our beautiful planet.
Thrifting: Some of us are lucky to have great thrift and consignment stores in our backyards. If you can find what you are looking for, I highly recommend doing so! It's wonderful to keep reloving a garment for as long as possible. We do this for almost all of our son's clothing. Also, please check out this popular post: 10 Used Clothing Apps for Second-Hand Shopping!
Pieces You Intend to Love for Years: Sometimes, what you're looking for can't be found at a sustainable brand or thrift store, and it's perfectly okay to purchase a garment you know will be in your closet for many years. It may not be made in the fabric you prefer, or the brand may not be super transparent, but it holds a lot of weight in terms of longevity and value.
Your Own Closet: I do a big try-on every few months and play with what I have. I end up falling in love all over again. Before getting rid of something, I suggest keeping it on hand for a bit longer. If it's a simple tear or in need of a button, take a day to do some mending. You can even start up a clothing swap with some of your besties. However, my best trick is to put clothes you have grown tired of in a suitcase and reopen them six months later. Most of the time, I fall in love with the garment all over.

Pro tip: unsubscribe from brand newsletters and unfollow on social media. This is a great way to break up with fast fashion and avoid unnecessary marketing & micro trends. I also suggest unfollowing influencers who push a lot of new products or do clothing hauls. Social media can be a great tool to learn, but it also creates a lot of needless wants.

What Eco-Friendly & Sustainable Fabrics to Look For

My textile courses in college (over a decade ago, I can't believe it!) were my favorite! I find this topic so interesting, and I love learning the process of creating fabric. There are a ton of different sustainably-made fabrics, so you have options! I'm listing the most popular ones you will find amongst sustainable brands. Make sure to look for materials that have been dyed with eco-friendly dyes or plants.

This blog has an entire section dedicated to sustainable fabrics and certifications.

Organic Cotton: According to The World Counts, we produce 29 million tons of cotton a year, the same as 29 t-shirts for everyone on the planet. However, it is one of the dirtiest industries in the world. Many chemicals are used to refrain pests, and child labor is abundant. That's why purchasing organic cotton over conventional cotton is so essential. This ensures no harmful chemicals (less water, too) are used to grow the fiber, and there are stricter rules for farmers to adhere to. GOTS Certified Cotton is one of the best options on the market today. It ensures a clean fabric and an honest process from start to finish.
Hemp: This fiber has so much potential and comes with many unique properties. You don't need any pesticides, it requires less space, it's incredibly durable, it's great for blending other fibers, and even the actual hemp plant absorbs more carbon than trees. You can learn more about hemp in one of my True Cost Series & this post here.
Organic Linen: This is one of my favorite fibers. I love the look, and it's incredibly easy to care for. However, like cotton or any other fiber listed here, it depends on how it's grown and treated when spun into fabric. Find beautiful linen brands here.
Wool: Nothing can quite keep you as warm in the winter as wool can. There are a lot of ethical farmers who produce this fiber, and it can be a great way to regenerate the land. Check out FiberShed to see how they nurture our soil through the wool. Not all wool is created equal, and we have an in-depth post on what to avoid.
Lyocell: If you love the feel of silk or bamboo, this fabric is one you should try! One of my favorite forms of Lyocell, TENCEL, is created from sustainably-harvest eucalyptus trees and processed through a closed-loop system where solvents and water are continuously reused.
Micromodal: This is the only type of modal you should purchase because it is composed of pulp from sustainably-harvested beech trees. I find Tencel a better option, but it's still one to mention here. It's also created in a closed-loop system like its Lyocell sister.
Veggie-Tanned Leather: It is important to purchase leather that has been veggie-tanned rather than conventional tanning methods. There are a ton of chemicals used when processing leather, and many of them end up in waterways. Veggie-tanned does not use any toxic chemicals but still creates a lasting leather good.
Eco-Friendly Vegan Leathers: Not all vegan leather is sustainable; most of it is made with virgin plastics. However, we have a great post giving you all the best alternatives!

To dive even more into the textile industry, please check out this post with 17 Innovative Fabrics That Make The Fashion Industry Greener!

A Simple Checklist When Shopping For Sustainable Clothing

the fabric content is made with eco-friendly fibers and dyes
the makers are paid a fair wage in safe working conditions
the quality is made to last you many years
the packaging and shipping method has minimal impact on the planet
the brand is transparent about the manufacturing process (we aren’t necessarily aiming for perfection, but at least genuine care for the planet and people)
the size range and price is inclusive and accessible (this is an ethical topic on its own we can dive further into, but crucial within the sustainable fashion conversation - this also goes for representing many different races, bodies and backgrounds)

Creating a sustainable closet is a deeply personal and diverse journey. People have varying values, financial resources, accessibility, and personal style, all of which influence their approach to sustainability. It's important to remember that there's no one-size-fits-all solution. When evaluating a brand, don't hesitate to reach out to their customer service team for more information. If you don't find your size, feel like there's a lack of transparency in their manufacturing process, or notice a lack of representation, speak up and share your concerns with the brand. Many brands are open to feedback and may be willing to make changes based on customer input. Your voice matters, and collectively, consumer feedback can drive positive change in the fashion industry!

Also, no brand is perfect, BUT hundreds strive to be as sustainable as possible, and we have them all on this site for you!

Thank you for reading this, and please share it with your friends so they can begin this journey with you! The more conscious closets we have, the better ;)

I’d also love to know in the comments below… what comes to your mind when you think of sustainable fashion?